High blood pressure rarely causes symptoms until damage is done. Here is how it is diagnosed and controlled.
What hypertension is
Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. When that pressure stays high over time, the heart, brain, kidneys and eyes are quietly damaged. Most people with high blood pressure feel completely well, which is why it is often called a silent condition.
Common symptoms when they do appear
- Headache, especially early in the morning
- Dizziness or blurred vision
- Palpitations or chest discomfort
- Shortness of breath on exertion
- Swelling of the feet
How it is diagnosed
A diagnosis is based on repeated blood pressure readings, not a single measurement. Your doctor will also look for damage already caused and for other risk factors.
- Repeat blood pressure readings on separate visits
- ECG and echocardiography to assess the heart
- Blood tests for kidney function, blood sugar and cholesterol
- Urine testing for protein
Treatment and daily habits
- Take your medication every day, even when you feel fine — never stop without advice
- Reduce added salt and processed foods
- Aim for 30 minutes of activity most days
- Lose excess weight, stop smoking, and limit alcohol
- Have your blood pressure checked regularly and keep a record
Seek care urgently if
- You have chest pain, weakness on one side of the body, slurred speech or sudden severe headache
- You are pregnant with a rising blood pressure or swelling
Speak to a doctor at BLUESCOPE
Our specialists in Kubwa, Abuja are available for consultation, with a 24/7 emergency unit, on-site laboratory, pharmacy and ICU.
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Educational information only — it does not replace a consultation with a qualified doctor.